Controller for electric motors.



No. 665,320. Patented lan. I, |90I.

F. W. GARRETT.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application led Knr. 26, 1900.)

(No man.) 5 shuts-sheet l.

N N H' l IN VEN 70H No. 665,320. Patented 1an. I, 190|. F. W. GARRETT.

`(.)DNTlOLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS (Applction' led Mar. 26, 1900.) (N o Mo d e l 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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THE Nonfus paens co. PHorcAuwo.. WASHINGTON. n l..

No. 665,320. Patented 1an. Ism. F. w. BARRETT.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application filed Mar. 26, 1900.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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No. 665,320. Patented 1an. |90I. F. W. GARRETT.

CUNTRULLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application led Mar. 26, 1900.) (No Mudel.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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RS U70/VINEX' No. 665,320. Patented 1an. l, |901. F. w. GARRETT.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application led Mar. 26, 1900.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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UNTTi-:n STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK W. GARRETT, OF JOHNSTOl/VN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO TI-IE LORAINSTEEL COMPANY, OF PENNSYLVANIA.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 665,320, dated January1, 1901.

Application tiled March Z6, 1900.

T all 'La7/tom it' may con/cern,.-

, Be it known that I, FRANK l/V. GARRETT, of JolinstoWn,in the countyofCam bria and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulControl for Electric Motors, of Which the following is a full, clear,and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,Which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to a system of control for electric motors,and is particularly applicable to electric train con trol Where it isdesired to control a train composed of a number of cars or propellingunits from any desired point or points on the train through the mediumof master-controllers situated at such points and governing the movementof the individual motor-controllers throughout the train.

The objects of my invention are mainly to provide means of improvedcharacter for actuating the individual motor-controllers to vary theresistance of the motor-circuits, and thereby the torque and speed ofthe motors; to provide novel means for controlling the operation oftheactuating means through the medium of the master-controllers; to providemeans for automatically opening the circuit to the motors Whenever fromany cause the current-supply fails and for keeping the circuit openuntil the motor-controller has been returned to its off position, and toprovide in general an efficient and reliable system of train control inwhich the mechanical parts employed are 'few in number and simple andpositive in their operation and in which the car and train wiring isalso simpliied to a considerable extent.

Other objects ot my invention,together with the advantages thereof, willappear from the detailed description hereinafter given.

My invention consists in the combination, with a motor controller, of anelectromagnetic actuator thereforarranged under proper circuitconditions to effect a step-by-step movement of said controller,together with a master-controller and intermediate circuit devices,whereby as the master-controller is moved in a direction to acceleratethe motors there is effected a corresponding movement of themotor-controllers; but when the Serial No. 10,150. (No modcLimaster-controller is moved in the opposite direction themotor-controllers remain in their last working positions until themastercontroller reaches its off positions, when the motor-controllerswill also return automatically to oi position. This non-synchronousmovement of the motor-controllers upon the ott movement of themaster-controller makes it impossible for the motorman to notch 6o Myinvention also consists in a controlleractuator comprising a Ixed magnetand a series of movable magnets carried upon a rotary membermechanically connected to the drum of a motor-controller and whose polesare arranged to move in a path adjacent to 7o one of the poles of thefixed magnet, together with means for successively energizing saidmagnets to cause a proper interaction between their individual iieldsand the lields of the fixed magnet to cause a step-by-step rotation ofsaid rotary member and thereby of the controller-drum. I also providemeans for reversing or changing the relative polarity of said magnets atwill, to thereby govern the direction of movement of the controller- 8odrum; also, a circuit-opening device arranged to automatically open themotor-circuit whenever the current-supply fails from any canse and whichremains open until the motor-controllers have been returned to offposition,

whereby the motors are guarded against a sudden inrush of current.

My invention also comprises the use of a reversing-switch in connectionwith or forming a part ot' each motor-controller, together 9o with anelectromagnetic actuator' therefor, and means at each master-controllerfor governing the said actuator.

My invention also consists in the novel construction, combination, andarrangement ot' 95 devices and electrical circuits connecting andcontrolling the operation ot' said devices, as hereinafter described,and pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this roo specification.

In the drawings, Figure lis a diagram illustrating the application of myinvention to a train composed of two cars or propelling` units. Fig. 2is a similar View showing on a larger scale the arrangement for a singlecar or unit. Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the motor-controllers andits actuator, its casing being partly broken away. Fig. e is a detailview of the actuator. Fig. 5 is a detail View otn the actuator for themotor-reversing switch. Fig. 6 is a detail view showing more or lessconventionally the master reversing-switch. Fig. 7 is a diagram showingthe disposition of the train-wires, and Fig. S is a diagram illustratinga partial modiiication.

in Figs. l and 2, in order to enable the circuits to be more easilytraced, l have represented the circuit connections of the motorcircuitsby heavy lines and the circuit connections of the controlling-circuitsby light lines.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, the reference characters L'to L10, inclusive, designate the several wires or leads which extendthroughout the train, being connected between cars by means ot anysuitable couplings, (indicated at l.) ln the present instance there areten of these train wires or leads; but the number used in any case willdepend upon the particular type or character of the motor-controllerswhich are employed.

C designates the motor-controllers; R S, the motor-reversing switches; MC, the master-controllers; M R S, the master reversingswitches, and C Othe automatic cut-out switches for the motor-circuit.

The motors are designated by M, two motors being shown for each car.

A indicates the controller-actuators, F M the iixed magnet thereof, andM/ M2 M3, the., to MB the movable magnets of the same.

It designates artificial resistance for connection in circuit with themotors M.

The motor-controller C, in so far as the arrangementof the contactsthereon for changing the connections of the motors M and resistances Ris concerned, forms no part ot' my present invention. Any suitable formof controller provided with contacts for effecting the desiredconnections may be employed. The drum (shown in Figs. l and 2) has aseries of contacts c and contact-fingers F, arranged to start the motorsconnected in series with each other and with the resistance R and byfurther movement to gradually remove such resistance and then change themotors over to parallel by a series oi' intermediate steps, in which theiields of the two motors are first connected in multiple with thearmatures still in series, then the armatures are connected in multipleand the iields in series, and, finally, the two motors as a whole areconnected in multiple. My invention being,

however, as above indicated, independent of this particular type ofcontroller, I do not deem it necessary to describe in detail the magnetsN and N2.

arrangement of contacts and circuit connecltions. The circuits in theseven different indicated positions of the controller may be readilytraced on the diagrams, if desired.

'lhe motor-reversing switch R S aside from the means for actuating thesame is also independent of my invention, and any suitable form ofreversing-switch may be employed.

ln the diagrams, c indicates the contacts of a suitable switch, and Fthe cooperating contact-fingers thereof.

R A represent the reverse-switch actuator, having a Fixed magnet N andtwo movable The arrai'igement and operation of this device will bedescribed hereinafter.

Describing in detail the construction and arrangementot parts shown in2, the controller-actuator A is preferably secured directly to the shaftof the drum C, (see Fig. 3,) although it may be connected thereto by anymechanical means capable of transmitting its rotary movements to thedrinn. It consists of the Fixed magnet F M and the series of movablemagnets M M2, the., radially secured to a contact or hub member d, (seeFig. 4,) which is in the preferred form above indicated secured directlyto the out shaft ot the drum C. C2 is a cominutator also secured on saidshaft and having as many segments as there are magnets. The two ends ofeach magnet-coil are connected to adjacent segments, and opposite endsof adjacent coils are connected to the saine segment. b b2 b3 are threebrushes arranged to bear upon adjacent segments of the commutator, thetwo outer brushes b and b3 being connected in multiple with each other.

The master-controller M C preferably consists of a rotary drum uponwhose periphery are a series of electrically-connected contactsdesignated by the numerals l0 to 1S, inclusive, said drum having` an`ot'f position and also seven operative positions, which correspend,respectively, with the seven positions of the motor-controller.

flo to f1S designate a series of contact-iingers for engagement with therespective contacts 10 to ld. The contact lO is a continuous contact andis engaged by its iiugerfm in the off position and also in each of theworking positions. Contacts ll to 17, inclusive, are short contactsarranged in stepped positions, so that they are engaged successively bythe corresponding lingers as the drum is turned through its range ofmovement. Contact 1S is engaged by the linger fw only when the drinn isat off position.

Secured tothe shaft of the motor-controller C is a casting C3, whichcarries a series of contacts designated, respectively, l0 llL l2, duc.,to 17, and which correspond, respectively, with the contacts l0 to 17,inclusive, of the motor-controller. gw to g, inclusive, designate aseries of lingers for engagement with said contacts. Contact l0 is acontinuous contact, which always maintains its en- IOO IIO

eea-seo gagement with the finger Q10. tacts are short contacts steppedto correspond with the contacts of the master-controller and also soarranged that one of them will be engaged at each of the first sixworking positions of the controller C and also at its off position.

The master reversing-switch comprises in the present instance a smallswitch having three positions-one at off position, one at ahead,andoneat back. it has two confacts s s', designed to be engaged by fingers Sand S', slightly beyond its ahead position, and two other contacts s2and s2, designed to be engaged, respectively, by the fingerS and by athird finger S2, slightly beyond its back position. The handle H of saidswitch is shown in its off position in Fig. 6 and when turnedsufficiently far in either direction to effect contact it compresses oneor the other of the two fixed springs H', which acts immediately uponthe release of the handle to return the switch to the ahead or backposition, with its fingers and contacts disengaged. There is alsosecured to the shaft of' the controller C a casting having` two longcontacts 1S and 191, which are electrically disconnected from thecontacts l0 to 17, and for engagement with these two contacts in allpositions of the controller C, except in its olf position, are twoadditional fingers Q12 and Q19.

The reverse-switch actuator RA is similar to the controller-actuators,except that it has but two movable magnets N' N2, which are oppositelywound, its fixed magnet being designated N. It is preferably secureddirectly to the shaft of the reverse-switch R S.

The automatic cut-out C O consists of two separated fixed contacts .ez', forming a break in the conductor leading from the third rail to themotor-controller, and a movable bridging member Z, having two plungersZ' Z2, attached thereto,which form, respectively, the cores ofsolenoid-coils Z3 Z4, the former being included in the said conductorand the latter being connected in the controlling-circuit in the mannerpresently described.

I will now describe the various circuit connections between the severaldevices above described.

The diagram illustrates the invention in connection with the well knownthird rail system, each car being provided with a contact device or shoeC S. This shoe is electrically connected with a finger of themotorcontroller through the usual circuit-breaker, the switch C O,blow-out coil B O, the., and a branch conductor led from this connectionto the first fingerj'10 of the master-controller.

are respectively connected to the leads L1, L, L5, L1, L3, L2, L', andL10, and connections from these leads are made, respectively, with me-ngem gii gie, gis giii7 git, qui git mi gia FingerS of the masterreverse-switch is also connected to thelead L10, and fingers S' and S2are connectd, respectively, to leads L and The other con- I L2, fromwhich leads connections are made with opposite ends of the coil of thefixed magnet N of the reverse-switch actuator. From the middle portionof said coil is aconnection P, leading to ground through magnets N2 Nand resistance R'. This resistance, however, may be omitted if theresistance of the magnet-coil is considerable. The middle brush 112 ofthe commutator G2 is connected to a fixed contact t' of areversingswitch whose movable contact T is actuated in the presentinstance hyasolenoid T'. Said brush is also con nected to a fixedcontact u2 of a second and similar reversing-switch, whose movablemember U is actuated by a solenoid U'. Brushes Z1' and b3, which, asabove described, are in multiple, are connected to a contact t2 of thefirst reversing-switch and also to a contact tt' of the second switch.Contact-finger Q10 is connected to a third contact t2 through thesolenoid-coil Z1, and finger g1g is connected to the fourth terminal t1of the said switch. Contacts u2 and 11;'1of the second switch areconnected to each other and to ground through the magnet F M of theactuator A. The coils of the two solenoids Tl and U' are connected in ashunt between connection from the finger Q12 and the connection from themagnet F M to ground.

The operation isas follows: Then the master-controller is in offposition', there is no current in the controlling-circuit., since theconnection leadingfrom the fingers f12 is opened between fingers Q12 andQ19. By throwing the handle H of the master reverse-controller to apoint somewhat beyond its ahead position a circuit is completed from thefinger j, through the lingers S S' and contacts s s', one-half of themagnet-coil N, and the two magnet-coils N' N2, to ground. If themotorreversiug switch is at back position, the relative polarity of thethree magnets is such that (see Fig. magnets N N2 will have adjacentpoles of opposite polarity, while magnets N N will have adjacent polesof similar polarity. Consequently magnet N' will be at tracted andmagnet N will be repulsed by the magnet N and the shaft of thereversingswitch will be rotated to a position where magnet N2 isopposite the magnet N, and this movement will change thereversing-switch to ahead position. lf the said switch was already atthat position, it will simply romain there. l'f-the handle H be moved tomake contaetin the back position, the circuit is through IOO IIO

fingers S S2 and contacts s2 s2 and thence to and through magnet-coils NN' N2; butin this case the current goes through the other half of thecoil N and in the opposite direction, thereby reversing the polarity ofthis magnet. If,

therefore, the reversing-switch is at its` ahead position, it will bemoved to back position. The springs H' will always act to return thehandle H to the point of indicated position with the contactsdisengaged, so thatl no current is uselessly kept in the coils of theactu- Vhen the master-controller is ator R A.

moved from its off position to position 1, the circuit is from contact10 to contact 11, finger f, finger g, contact 11, contact 10, linger g10to coil Z4, through switch T to brush b2, to and through coils M M2 ofthe controller-actuator to brushes b' b3 to switch U, and through magnetF M to ground. The magnets are so wound that adjacent poles of themagnets M and F M will have a corresponding polarity, while adjacentpoles of magnets M2 and F M will be of opposite polarity. The shaft ofthe controller C will therefore be rotated until the finger g11 leavesthe contact 11, and thus breaks the controller circuit. This movementwill bring the controller C to its first indicated position, where itwill remain until the master-controller is moved to bringcontact--lingerf12 into engagement with contact l2, when circuit will beagain completed, this time through nger Q12, contacts 12n 10, lingerg1", and connections to the actuatormagnets. Magnets M2 and M3 are nowenergized and the controller-drum is moved another step, or to position2. Continued movement of the master-controller causes a successiveengagement of its contacts, the energization of successive pairs ofmagnets through the respective contacts 13a, le, dac., and a continuedstep-by-step movement of the controller C through its several positions.Each step in the movement of the controller C brings, as will be readilyseen, the brushes b b2 b3 into engagement with the proper segments ofthe commutator for the next step and also causes the engagement of theproper contact of the l()n group with its corresponding linger tocomplete the next circuit through the actuator-magnets. The brushes b'b2 b3 are staggered, as shown, to prevent short-circuiting of the activemagnets. When the master-controller is moved back to off position fromany of its running positions, there will be no movement of thecontroller C and its actuator until the off position of themaster-controller is reached, owing to the fact that thecontroller-circuit will during such movement remain open at the 10 groupof contacts, as will be readily seen. When, however, themaster-controller reaches its off position, a circuit is completedthrough linger fw, contacts 10 and 18, linger fw, lead L10, finger g1g,contacts 1Qa 18, finger Q18, and solenoid-coils T and U to ground. Thesecoils being energized, the switch-contacts U and T are moved,respectively, from the contacts u 'a3 and f t3 to the contacts u? a4 andt2 f4, and current passes through T to brushes b' b3 and the coils ofthe corresponding pair of movable magnets to brush b2, and thencethrough switch U and coil F M to ground. The current in the movablemagnets being thus reversed, the controller-shaft C will be moved onestep toward oif position and by this movement will shift the brushes b192193 to so energize the actuator-magnets as to cause another step, andthis action will continue until the controller C reaches off positionand the fingers gli and gli leave the contacts 18n and 15), and therebyopen the controlling circuit. There is thus obtained a practicallycontinuons and quick return movement of the controller C, it being`impossible for the motormanto notch said controller back to offposition.

In the modification shown in Fig. S I dispense with thereversing-switches T and U, and instead of reversing the current in thecoils of the movable magnets of the actuator l provide for reversing thepolarity of the fixed magnet F M. This I do by connecting brush b2 tothe middle portion of its coil and fingers glo and g1g to opposite endsthereof, brushes b and b3 being connected to ground. Consequently whencircuit is completed through any one of the contacts 11iL to 17L saidmagnet will have one polarity, and when circuit is completed th roughcontacts 18L and 19 it will have a different polarity.

It will be readily seen that inasmuch as the master-controllersthroughout the train are connected in multiple between the train wiresor leads the operation of any one of them will effect the circuitchanges above described and that such operation will effect theactuation of all the motor-controllers throughout the train. Il isobvious that while l have shown but one master-controller on each carone of such controllers may be used at each end.

The train-wires may be crossed on each car, as indicated in Fig. 7,sothat whichever end of two cars may be connected corresponding wires oneach will meet each other.

ln case it is not desired to depend upon the friction of thecontact-fingers to hold the motor-controlling drums in their severalpositions any suitable friction or locking device may be employed forthe purpose.

In the event of the current-supply failing from any cause themotor-controllers will for the time being be left in the positions whichthey occupy at that time. The failure of the current in the coils Z3Z'l, however7 opens the switch C O and leaves the motor-circuit open.When the current-supply is restored, current will flow through themaster-controller in its off position into the controlling-circuitthrough the contacts 19 1S and through solenoid-coils T U' to ground,thereby closing switch-contacts Tand U in their reverse positions. Assoon as these contacts are closed current iiows into the actuator andeffects the return movement of the motor controller from whatever pointit may have been left. The operation 0f the master-controller will nowclose the circuit through the solenoidcoils Z3 Z4, thereby closing thecut-out switch C O and restoring the motor-circuit.

l/Vith reference to the motor-controller actuator it will be seen thatfor each normal position of the commutator there is effected a certaindefinite change in the internal circuits of the actuator and that saidcommutator has a definite normal position for each IOO ITO

normal position of the 1notor-controller\vhile the normal positions ofthe latter correspond definitely to the normal positions of themaster-controller, and that by reason of the 10 group of contacts nocurrent can flow into the actuator during its forward movement until themaster-controller is moved to a certain denite position relative to themotor-controller. The contacts of this group therefore control theduration of each movement of l he actuator for each forward movement ofthe master-controller, While the commutator controls the internalcircuits of the actuator to produce such movements. I prefer, as abovestated, to attach the actuator-com m utator directly to the shaft of themotor-controller,

since this insures the maintenance of the necessary definite relationsbetween the positions of the commutator and the motor-controller.Furthermore, the short step-by-step movements of the actuator, in Whichbut little momentum is acquired, are Well adapted for directcommunication to the motor-controller.

It is obvious that many changes can be made in the details of myinvention Without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Hence Ido not Wish to be limited to the specific embodiment which I have hereinshown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

l. The combinationwith the motors of an electrically-propelledvehicle,and a controller therefor having a movable contact-carryingmember, of an electromagnetic actuator for said member, and meanscontrolledby the movement of said member for varying at each normalposition thereof the internal circuits of said actuator.

2. The combination With the motors of an electrically-propelledvehicle,and a controller therefor having a movable contact-carryingmember, of an actuator for said member comprising a plurality of magnetsattached to said member, and a coperating fixed magnet, together withmeans for effecting successive energization of the first-named magnetsand relative polarity thereof with respect to the fixed magnets to causea stepbystep movement of said member.

3. The herein-described controller-actuator, consisting of a rotarysupport mechanically connected to the controller, a series of radialmagnets attached to said support, a .coperatingfixed magnet and meansfor varying the internal circuit of said actuator to produce astep-by-step movement thereof.

4. The herein-described controller-actuator, consisting of a rotarysupporting member, a plurality of radial magnets carried thereby, acooperating fixed magnet and means for energizing said radial magnets inpairs having` their individual magnets of opposite polarity.

5. The herein-described controller-actuafor, consisting of a rotarysupporting member, a plurality of radial magnets carried thereby, acoperating fixed magnet, and means for energizing said magnets insuccessive pairs, Whose individual magnets are of opposite polarity` andfor reversing the polarity of' each magnet as it reaches a certainposition with respect to the fixed magnet.

6. The herein-described controller-actuator, consisting of a rotarysupporting member, a plurality of radial magnets carried thereby, acoperatinc` fixed magnet, a source of current-supply for said magnets,and commutating devices arranged to effect a successive energization ofsaid radial magnets.

7. The combination with a motor-controller having a movablecontact-carrying member, of an actuator therefor, comprising a pluralityof movable magnets connected to said member, a cooperating fixed magnet,commutating devices for effecting a successive energization of saidmovable magnets, and means actuated by said magnets for controlling thecurrent-supply thereto.

8. In a system of electric train control, the combination of acontroller for the propelling-motors, of an electromagnetic actuatortherefor having a plurality of movable electromagnets, and a coperatingfixed magnet, a master-controller, and means governed by the combinedaction of the master and motor controller for effecting a step-by-stepmovement of said actuator.

9. In a system of electric train control, the combination of acontroller for the propelling-motors, a series of magnets connected tothe movable member of said controller, a mastercontroller, circuitconnections between the mastercontroller and the said magnets forenergizing the latter, and means governed bythe movement of themotor-controller for governing said connections.

1 0. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, a mastercontroller, an electromagnetic actuator forthe motor-controller, commutating devices actuated by themotor-controller to vary the internal circuits of the said actuator, andcircuit-controlling devices also actuated by movement of themotor-controller for opening and closing the circuit to the saidactuator, and connections between said circuitcontrolling devices andthe master-controller.

l1. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, an actuating device connected thereto and having aplurality of electromagnets, a master-controller, a group ofsupplemental contact devices carried by the motor-controller, andcircuit connections between the master-controller and the said magnetseffected through said supplemental contacts.

12. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, an actuating device therefor comprising a plurality ofmovable electromagnets and a fixed Welectromagnet, a com mutator toWhose segments the IOO IOS

IIO

coils of said magnets are connected, circuit connections between themaster-controller and the brushes of the cominutator, and means carriedby the motor-controller for controllingsaid connections.

13. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller having coutacts for effecting the control of themotors, and also a group of additional contacts, a master-controllerhaving contacts corresponding to the contacts of said group, means forestablishing a circuit connection between any one of themaster-controller contacts and a corresponding contact of said group, amotorcontroller actuator having a plurality of actuating-magnets, andmeans for effecting a connection between the individual contacts of thesaid group,.and the said magnets` 14. In a system of electric traincontrol, the combination of a motor-controller having contacts forcontrolling the motor-circuits, a group of contacts connected to thecontactcarrying member of the controller to move therewith, comm utatingdevices also connected to and carried by and moving with said member, anelectromagnetic actuator whose magnets are controlled by the contacts ofsaid group and by the commutatingdevices, and

a master-controller for governing the circuit connections of the saidcontacts."

l5. In a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller, of an actuating device therefor comprising a series ofelectromagnets connected to the movable member of the controller to movetherewith, and a fixed magnet, a commutator to which the coils of saidelectromagnet are connected, a group of contacts carried by themotor-controller for controlling the circuit to the brushes of thecommutator and a master-controller for controlling the circuitconnections of said contacts.

16. In a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller, and an electroi'nagnetic actuator therefor, of amaster-controller, and circuit-controlling devices which open, close andchange the circuit of the actuating device at predetermined times,whereby a step-by-step movement of said master-controller in a forwarddirection operates said actuator to effect a corresponding stepby-stepmovement of the motor-controller,but whereby during the return movementof said master-controller the actuator is inoperative until themaster-controller reaches its off position.

17. In a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller, a series of electromagnets connected thereto toactuate the same, a cooperating fixed magnet, a comm utator having asegment for each magnet of said series, the coils of adjacent magnetshaving their opposite ends connected to the same segment, three brushesarranged to engage three adjacent com mutator-segm ents, two of saidbrushes being connected in multiple with one side of thecontrolling-circuit,

and means for effecting at will changes in said circuit to cause arelative polarity of certain of said magnets to move said controllereither backward or forward.

18, In a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller, and an electromagnetic actuating device thereforhaving a plurality of magnets, a controllingcircuit including themagnets of said actuating device, a master-controller which primarilygoverns the energization of said magnets, a commutating device carriedby the motorcontrolle'r for varying at each normal position thereof theinternal circuits of the said actuator and contact devices operated bythe inotor-controller and interposed between the rn aster-controller andthe said magiietsavhereby each step in the movement of themotorcontroller opens the circuit to said magnets until themaster-controller is moved to its next position.

19. In asystem of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller whose contact-carrying member has a plurality ofoperative positions, an electromagnetic device for imparting astep-by-step movement to said member, a master-controller having adifferent operative position foreach operative position of themotor-controller, contact devices carried by the motor-controller foreffecting circuit connections between the magnets of the actuator andthe master-controller in each position of the latter, and for openingsaid connections after each successive step of movement of themotor-controller, and holding the same open until the master-controllerhas been moved to its next operative position or back to its offposition, together with means for varying at each normal position'of themotor-controller the internal circuits of said electromagnetic device.

20. VVThe combination with a motor-controller,'an `electromagneticactuator therefor, a commutating device for effecting a differentinternal circuit condition in the said actuator for each definiteposition of the motor-controller and a master-controller, of a series ofsupplemental contacts carried by the motorcontroller,y through whichcircuit connections are eifected between the master-controller and theactuator, said contacts being arranged to successively open suchconnections as the successive step-by-step movements of themotor-controller are effected, and the mastercontroller having itscontacts arvranged relatively thereto to reestablish such connections ateach succeeding operative position of its forward movement and at itsoff position, but not during its return movement.

2l. In a system of electric train control, the

'combination with a motor-reversing switch,

of an actuator therefor consisting of a pair of oppositely-wound electromagnets operatively connected to the movable member of said switch, anda xed electromagnet, a master controlling device and circuit connectionscontrolled thereby for effecting at will such IIO relative polarity ofthe three magnets as to move the re versi n g-switch in eitherdirection.

22. lu a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-controller, an actuator therefor and a master-controller governingsaid actuator, of a motor-reversing switch, a reversing-switch actuatorand a master reversing device for controlling the reversingactuator,together with means whereby the master reversing device can be operatedeffectively only when the master controlling-switch is at its offposition.

23. ln a system of train control, the combination `of amotor-controller, an actuator therefor, and a master-controller forgoverning said actuator, together with circuit-controlling devices whichopen and close the circuit to said actuator at predetermined timeswhereby said master-controller eects the operation of the actuator onlyduring the forward movement of the master-controller, or when the latteris at its off position and the motor-controller is in an operativeposition.

24. ln a system of electric train control, the combination with amotor-circuit, and a controlling-circuit in shunt or multiple therewith,of an automatic cut-out or circuitopening device for the motor-circuit,said device having two actuating-coils, one of which is included in themotor-circuit and the other in the controlling-circuit.

25. In asystem of electric train control, the combination of amotor-circuit, a motor-controller therein, a controlling-circuit, amaster-controller therein, and means whereby whenever current is passingin the controlling-circuit, the operation of the master-controller willelfect the return of the motor-controller to its off position, and meansfor automatically opening the motor-circuit whenever the current-supplyfails, and for holding the same open until the motor-controller has beenreturned to its off position.

26. lna system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-circuit, a motor-controller therein, a controlling-circuit, amaster controller therein, and means whereby whenever current is passingin the controlling-circuit, the master-controller may be operated toeffect the return of the motor-controller to its off position, and meansfor automatically opening the motor-circuit whenever the current-supplyfails, and without opening the controlling-circuit, and means forautomatically closing said motor-circuit when the current-supply isresumed and the motor-controller has been returned to its off position.

27. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-circuit, a motor-controller therein, a controlling-circuit, amotorcontroller actuator and a mastercontroller in saidcontrolling-circuit, an automatic cutout switch arranged to open themotor-circuit upon failure of current-supply, without opening thecontrolling-circuit, and means 'for automatically closing said switchwhen the current-supply is resumed and the motorcontroller is at its offposition.

28. In asystem of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, of an electromagnetic actuator therefor, having aplurality of movable electromagnets, a mastercontroller which primarilygoverns the circuit connections of the said magnets, and a commutatingdevice carried by the motorcontroller and having a definite normalposition for each normal position of the said controller, and adapted ateach position to vary the circuit to said magnets, together with contactdevices intermediate the master-controller and commut-ating device formaking and breaking the circuit at predetermined times.

29. ln a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, an electromagnetic actuator therefor, acommutator forvarying the internal circuits of the actuator, said commutator having acertain definite normal position for each position of themotor-controller, a master-controller, and contact devices and circuitconnections intermediate the master-controller and the commutator forcontrolling the current-supply to said actuator.

30. ln a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller,an electromagnetic actuator for said controller, acommutator for varying the internal circuits of said actuator` at eachnormal position of the controller, a master-controller, andcircuitcontrolling devices between the master-controller and thecommutator controlled by the movement of the motor-controller for makingand breaking the circuit connections to the commutator.

3l. In a system of electric train control, the combination of amotor-controller, an electromagnetic actuator directl7 connected to saidcontroller, and means actuated by movement of the motor-controller forvarying the internal circuits of said actuator to eiect a stepby-stepmovement of said actuator and thereby of the controller.

32. ln a system of electric train control,the combination of amotor-controller, an electromagnetic actuator directlyconnected to saidcontroller, and means for varying the internal circuits of said actuatorto produce a stepby-step movement thereof in one direction, and acontinuous movement thereof in the opposite direction.

ln testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

FRANK W. GARRETT.

`Witn esses:

BLANCHE M. SMITH, H. W. SMITH.

IOO

IIO

